Shock is a medical emergency caused by a poor perfusion state. This occurs when cells are not receiving an adequate supply of oxygen and fuel, affecting normal cell metabolism and function. While shock is frequently encountered by EMS providers, the underlying mechanisms of shock are not often well understood.

By understanding what is happening to the body during shock, EMS providers can identify subtle signs and symptoms of shock earlier in the assessment process, quickly determine the type of shock, and administer the appropriate treatment. Since the shock patient can deteriorate rapidly, this knowledge and increased proficiency can ultimately help save lives. This program reviews the pathophysiology of a poor perfusion state, describes the etiologies and types of shock, reviews the signs and symptoms of shock, explains how to assess the shock patient and differentiate types of shock, and explains how EMS responders can provide the most effective emergency treatment.

Featuring Joseph J. Mistovich, M.Ed., NREMT-P, Chairperson and Professor Department of Health Professions, Bitone College of Health and Human Services Youngstown State University, Youngstown Ohio